1. The Counselling Contract
A counselling contract is a written or verbal agreement that outlines the boundaries, expectations, and responsibilities within the therapeutic relationship. It includes session length, frequency, costs, confidentiality, cancellations, and how therapy will end. A clear contract builds trust and reduces misunderstandings.
2. Confidentiality
Confidentiality is central to therapy, ensuring clients feel safe to share personal information. Counsellors must explain the limits of confidentiality (e.g., risk of harm to self/others, safeguarding issues, or legal requirements). Clear communication of these limits strengthens trust.
3. Note Keeping
Counsellors often keep brief notes for accuracy and continuity of care. Notes should be factual, minimal, stored securely (locked or encrypted), and kept in line with GDPR or local data protection laws. Clients have the right to access their notes.
4. Supervision
Supervision is essential for ethical practice, providing counsellors with professional oversight, support, and opportunities for reflection. It safeguards clients, helps counsellors process difficult cases, and promotes growth. Most professional bodies require regular supervision.
5. Professional Membership
Membership of a recognised professional body (e.g., BACP, UKCP, ACA, APA depending on region) ensures accountability, adherence to ethical codes, and access to professional support. Membership enhances credibility and reassures clients of professional standards.
6. Payment, Cancellation & Non-Payment
Clear policies prevent conflict. Counsellors should state:
- Fees and payment methods.
- Cancellation policy (e.g., 24–48 hours’ notice required).
- Charges for missed or late sessions.
- Process for non-payment (e.g., no further sessions until settled).
7. Drug & Alcohol Misuse in Therapy
Clients may present under the influence of substances. Counsellors should establish clear boundaries: sessions may be cancelled if clients attend intoxicated. Substance misuse may be explored therapeutically if relevant, but counsellors must maintain safety and professionalism.
8. Complaints
Clients should know how to raise concerns. Counsellors should provide:
- A personal complaints procedure.
- Information about external complaints processes via their professional body.
Clear handling of complaints demonstrates accountability and professionalism.
9. Continued Personal Development (CPD)
Ongoing training and CPD are vital for maintaining skills, expanding knowledge, and staying updated on ethical and legal changes. Most professional bodies set annual CPD requirements. CPD includes courses, workshops, research, and personal therapy.
10. Chance Meetings
Counsellors may unexpectedly meet clients in public. It is best practice to discuss beforehand how these will be handled (e.g., counsellor does not acknowledge client unless client initiates). Boundaries protect privacy and minimise discomfort.
11. Holidays
Counsellors should give advance notice of planned absences and explore the impact with clients. Clients may also discuss how holidays affect their therapy. Clarity maintains continuity and reduces anxiety around breaks.
12. Duration of Therapy
Therapy may be time-limited or open-ended. Duration should be discussed in the contract and reviewed regularly. Reviewing goals and progress helps clients see value and prepares them for an eventual ending.
13. Expression
Clients are encouraged to express emotions freely in therapy, including anger, sadness, or joy. Counsellors provide a safe, non-judgmental space, while maintaining professional boundaries if expression becomes unsafe.
14. Ending Therapy
Endings should be planned and collaborative, allowing clients to process feelings and reflect on progress. Counsellors should avoid abrupt endings where possible and ensure closure. Ethical endings strengthen the therapeutic process.
15. Gifts / Presents
Clients may sometimes offer gifts. Ethical practice suggests counsellors consider:
- The meaning of the gift.
- The timing (e.g., holidays, endings).
- Whether acceptance affects boundaries.
Some therapists decline gifts; others may accept small tokens. A consistent policy avoids confusion.